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	<title>Comments on: today I am thinking about: MIGRATORY CONSENT</title>
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	<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/</link>
	<description>In defense of the sanctimonious women&#039;s studies set.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Fri, 10 Feb 2012 09:13:48 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: karak</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-258341</link>
		<dc:creator>karak</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Jul 2009 08:37:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-258341</guid>
		<description>Google hates me, so I&#039;m just going to post.

My adoptive father&#039;s father is from Tennessee. I consider Tennessee to be where they are from, despite the fact my father grew up in Illinois.

My mother&#039;s parents grew up in Illinois, but they&#039;re about two generations out from the deep south--Southern influences in speech, diet, and other little cultural markers are very strong in my family, although its been diluted by Midwestern culture.

My mother&#039;s family descends from the indentured servant Irish, almost-slaves that were eventually freed after a certain amount of years. 

My father&#039;s family are Scotsmen, who came for gold and exploitation. 

I consider my home to be central Illinois, no particular town, but I lived in Arizona for six years as a kid and can&#039;t wait to move back there.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Google hates me, so I&#8217;m just going to post.</p>
<p>My adoptive father&#8217;s father is from Tennessee. I consider Tennessee to be where they are from, despite the fact my father grew up in Illinois.</p>
<p>My mother&#8217;s parents grew up in Illinois, but they&#8217;re about two generations out from the deep south&#8211;Southern influences in speech, diet, and other little cultural markers are very strong in my family, although its been diluted by Midwestern culture.</p>
<p>My mother&#8217;s family descends from the indentured servant Irish, almost-slaves that were eventually freed after a certain amount of years. </p>
<p>My father&#8217;s family are Scotsmen, who came for gold and exploitation. </p>
<p>I consider my home to be central Illinois, no particular town, but I lived in Arizona for six years as a kid and can&#8217;t wait to move back there.</p>
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		<title>By: Ariel inspires: migratory consent and the definition of &#8220;home&#8221; &#171; Natalia Antonova</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-257763</link>
		<dc:creator>Ariel inspires: migratory consent and the definition of &#8220;home&#8221; &#171; Natalia Antonova</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 08:55:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-257763</guid>
		<description>[...] inspires: migratory consent and the definition of&#160;&#8220;home&#8221;    I found Ariel&#8217;s Feministe guest-post on migratory consent fascinating, particularly because it succinctly put into words some very immediate personal [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] inspires: migratory consent and the definition of&nbsp;&#8220;home&#8221;    I found Ariel&#8217;s Feministe guest-post on migratory consent fascinating, particularly because it succinctly put into words some very immediate personal [...]</p>
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		<title>By: eloriane</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-257060</link>
		<dc:creator>eloriane</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2009 03:57:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-257060</guid>
		<description>Huh. I&#039;ve just had the &quot;honor&quot; of putting only the third red line on the map, to mark my mum&#039;s paternal family&#039;s flight to Canada during the American War of Revolution. They were Loyalists; I suppose they could have stayed, but they would have needed to either change sides or face some serious danger.

(Also, I think it&#039;s a little hilarious how obvious it is that I&#039;ve been told the story by my Canadian relatives-- according to my American schools, it was the War of &lt;i&gt;Independence&lt;/i&gt;, and my ancestors were &lt;i&gt;Tories&lt;/i&gt; (said with scorn), or at best, Royalists.)

The whole story, as I attached it to my little &quot;eloriane&quot; marker:

Even my dad doesn&#039;t know much about his side of the family, so this is all about my mum.

On my mum&#039;s maternal side, her family came from Scotland to Canada in the 1880s. &quot;I don&#039;t know why, better opportunities, I guess,&quot; was all she could say. I suspect it was probably mostly consensual. They ended up in an extremely Scots-dominated area where the men were priests for several generations.

On her paternal side, her family is English all the way back. They came to America a loooong time ago, before it was America, probably mostly consensually again, and mixed a bit with some &quot;Pennsylvania Dutch&quot; (that is, Germans, &quot;Deutsch&quot;) about whom I can&#039;t even speculate, but then in the American War of Revolution, they fled to Canada out of political necessity, since they were still loyal to the Crown.

My mum met my dad at university in Canada, where they got married. They came to America in the 1980s to get PhDs in computer science. I don&#039;t think they would have immigrated if they had been able to study in Canada instead, but since they could simply have chosen to study something else in Canada (or not study at all), the move was really a consensual one.

They moved within the states several times as well-- from North Carolina, where they studied, to Massachusetts, where I was born, to Kansas, where I grew up, to Arkansas, where they live now, but it was always in pursuit of a &lt;i&gt;better&lt;/i&gt; job, not out of necessity.

I&#039;m at school in NC now but my &quot;home&quot; is still Kansas, which is why I placed my marker there.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Huh. I&#8217;ve just had the &#8220;honor&#8221; of putting only the third red line on the map, to mark my mum&#8217;s paternal family&#8217;s flight to Canada during the American War of Revolution. They were Loyalists; I suppose they could have stayed, but they would have needed to either change sides or face some serious danger.</p>
<p>(Also, I think it&#8217;s a little hilarious how obvious it is that I&#8217;ve been told the story by my Canadian relatives&#8211; according to my American schools, it was the War of <i>Independence</i>, and my ancestors were <i>Tories</i> (said with scorn), or at best, Royalists.)</p>
<p>The whole story, as I attached it to my little &#8220;eloriane&#8221; marker:</p>
<p>Even my dad doesn&#8217;t know much about his side of the family, so this is all about my mum.</p>
<p>On my mum&#8217;s maternal side, her family came from Scotland to Canada in the 1880s. &#8220;I don&#8217;t know why, better opportunities, I guess,&#8221; was all she could say. I suspect it was probably mostly consensual. They ended up in an extremely Scots-dominated area where the men were priests for several generations.</p>
<p>On her paternal side, her family is English all the way back. They came to America a loooong time ago, before it was America, probably mostly consensually again, and mixed a bit with some &#8220;Pennsylvania Dutch&#8221; (that is, Germans, &#8220;Deutsch&#8221;) about whom I can&#8217;t even speculate, but then in the American War of Revolution, they fled to Canada out of political necessity, since they were still loyal to the Crown.</p>
<p>My mum met my dad at university in Canada, where they got married. They came to America in the 1980s to get PhDs in computer science. I don&#8217;t think they would have immigrated if they had been able to study in Canada instead, but since they could simply have chosen to study something else in Canada (or not study at all), the move was really a consensual one.</p>
<p>They moved within the states several times as well&#8211; from North Carolina, where they studied, to Massachusetts, where I was born, to Kansas, where I grew up, to Arkansas, where they live now, but it was always in pursuit of a <i>better</i> job, not out of necessity.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m at school in NC now but my &#8220;home&#8221; is still Kansas, which is why I placed my marker there.</p>
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		<title>By: Hexy</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-256562</link>
		<dc:creator>Hexy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 14:12:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-256562</guid>
		<description>Interestingly, the side of my family on which the &quot;migration&quot; was forced is the one with the shortest distance travelled. My paternal grandmother was Stolen Generation, a Wiradjuri woman taken from her family and given to my grandfather as property. It&#039;s had an incredibly huge impact on the Indigenous Australian population. But Wiradjuri country is in NSW, and while she was severed from her country, her family and her culture, she wasn&#039;t actually &lt;i&gt;moved&lt;/i&gt; that far. They lived in a different part of the state, then ultimately moved to another area that&#039;s quite close to one edge of Wiradjuri country. She re-established contact with some family, but never went back to the community.

My mum, on the other hand, migrated from Scotland to Australia more or less voluntarily. Her parents sent her over to live with her sister when she was a teenager, and ultimately followed her themselves. She&#039;s never gone back to Scotland, either, but because she loves this country and feels it&#039;s home.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interestingly, the side of my family on which the &#8220;migration&#8221; was forced is the one with the shortest distance travelled. My paternal grandmother was Stolen Generation, a Wiradjuri woman taken from her family and given to my grandfather as property. It&#8217;s had an incredibly huge impact on the Indigenous Australian population. But Wiradjuri country is in NSW, and while she was severed from her country, her family and her culture, she wasn&#8217;t actually <i>moved</i> that far. They lived in a different part of the state, then ultimately moved to another area that&#8217;s quite close to one edge of Wiradjuri country. She re-established contact with some family, but never went back to the community.</p>
<p>My mum, on the other hand, migrated from Scotland to Australia more or less voluntarily. Her parents sent her over to live with her sister when she was a teenager, and ultimately followed her themselves. She&#8217;s never gone back to Scotland, either, but because she loves this country and feels it&#8217;s home.</p>
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		<title>By: ahimsa</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-256401</link>
		<dc:creator>ahimsa</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 07:18:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-256401</guid>
		<description>Wow, do most people know where their ancestors are actually from? (I don&#039;t mean vague guesses but actual areas, down to the country or even city) Or only those who are into genealogy and tracing the family tree? 

Heck, I don&#039;t even know where my grandparents were from, what to say of any ancestors before them. I only know where my grandparents lived when I was a child (only one set of grandparents were alive) but have no idea where they were born or grew up. In retrospect I think I never cared about family stories like this due to a highly dysfunctional family (&quot;must... distance... myself...&quot;).

Also, to repeat what several others have mentioned, my family moved around a lot when we were kids. Even my mother (now 75) moved around when she was a child even though that was apparently less common than it is now.

I&#039;ve never felt very attached to a place (eg, &quot;home&quot;) until after I was an adult and I chose where I wanted to live. Of course, my choice was constrained by being able to get a job there. I looked for a job and the place to live came out of that search, not the other way around. But I&#039;m very happy with how things turned out.

Anyway, good luck with the map. I hope you find contributors who know more about their family background.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wow, do most people know where their ancestors are actually from? (I don&#8217;t mean vague guesses but actual areas, down to the country or even city) Or only those who are into genealogy and tracing the family tree? </p>
<p>Heck, I don&#8217;t even know where my grandparents were from, what to say of any ancestors before them. I only know where my grandparents lived when I was a child (only one set of grandparents were alive) but have no idea where they were born or grew up. In retrospect I think I never cared about family stories like this due to a highly dysfunctional family (&#8220;must&#8230; distance&#8230; myself&#8230;&#8221;).</p>
<p>Also, to repeat what several others have mentioned, my family moved around a lot when we were kids. Even my mother (now 75) moved around when she was a child even though that was apparently less common than it is now.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve never felt very attached to a place (eg, &#8220;home&#8221;) until after I was an adult and I chose where I wanted to live. Of course, my choice was constrained by being able to get a job there. I looked for a job and the place to live came out of that search, not the other way around. But I&#8217;m very happy with how things turned out.</p>
<p>Anyway, good luck with the map. I hope you find contributors who know more about their family background.</p>
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		<title>By: Ouyang Dan</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-256317</link>
		<dc:creator>Ouyang Dan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 01:45:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-256317</guid>
		<description>I guess I am also too localized...being that half of my family is Native (Chippewa/Ojibwe however you want to call it) and have all lived in mostly the same place, and on the other side my grandparents immigrant parents (grandpa is Italian, grandma is Dutch) settled in Sault Sainte Marie and have stayed there as long as anyone can remember.

I am about the only person who has left home, having joined the Navy, except my maternal grandfather who was also in the Army, but is back home now.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I guess I am also too localized&#8230;being that half of my family is Native (Chippewa/Ojibwe however you want to call it) and have all lived in mostly the same place, and on the other side my grandparents immigrant parents (grandpa is Italian, grandma is Dutch) settled in Sault Sainte Marie and have stayed there as long as anyone can remember.</p>
<p>I am about the only person who has left home, having joined the Navy, except my maternal grandfather who was also in the Army, but is back home now.</p>
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		<title>By: Ruchama</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-256316</link>
		<dc:creator>Ruchama</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 01:34:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-256316</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;And I’m carrying around the confusion and alienation that happens in families when each generation is born in a different place, with a different mothertongue.&lt;/i&gt;

Oooh, interesting thought.  I just realized that, following my father&#039;s paternal line, my sister and I are the first in three generations to be born in the same country where even one parent was born.  (Well, I guess that gets a little iffy when you&#039;re trying to define countries around the Austro-Hungarian Empire -- does Vienna count as a different country than a town that was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire when the people in question were born there, but was part of Poland when their child was born in Vienna?)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>And I’m carrying around the confusion and alienation that happens in families when each generation is born in a different place, with a different mothertongue.</i></p>
<p>Oooh, interesting thought.  I just realized that, following my father&#8217;s paternal line, my sister and I are the first in three generations to be born in the same country where even one parent was born.  (Well, I guess that gets a little iffy when you&#8217;re trying to define countries around the Austro-Hungarian Empire &#8212; does Vienna count as a different country than a town that was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire when the people in question were born there, but was part of Poland when their child was born in Vienna?)</p>
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		<title>By: Ruchama</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-256315</link>
		<dc:creator>Ruchama</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 01:29:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-256315</guid>
		<description>Interesting question.  I guess my ancestors had various degrees of consent.  One set of great-grandparents came to the US with their 10-year-old daughter after two of their sons were killed in a pogrom.  I guess that&#039;s a yellow line?  Then I&#039;ve got other ancestors on that side of the family who came to the US between 1888 and 1910 from Russia (well, the towns they were from are now part of Poland, but were then part of Russia).  I don&#039;t really know much about why they came, but from the bits of information I do know, I&#039;d probably put them as a green line, pending learning more about them.  Then on my dad&#039;s side of the family, my grandfather is definitely a red line -- he&#039;s a concentration camp survivor.  My grandmother is probably a red line, too, though her family did make the decision to leave Germany -- it was 1938, and they were lucky enough to have a very rich and powerful relative in the US who could get them through all the immigration hoops.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interesting question.  I guess my ancestors had various degrees of consent.  One set of great-grandparents came to the US with their 10-year-old daughter after two of their sons were killed in a pogrom.  I guess that&#8217;s a yellow line?  Then I&#8217;ve got other ancestors on that side of the family who came to the US between 1888 and 1910 from Russia (well, the towns they were from are now part of Poland, but were then part of Russia).  I don&#8217;t really know much about why they came, but from the bits of information I do know, I&#8217;d probably put them as a green line, pending learning more about them.  Then on my dad&#8217;s side of the family, my grandfather is definitely a red line &#8212; he&#8217;s a concentration camp survivor.  My grandmother is probably a red line, too, though her family did make the decision to leave Germany &#8212; it was 1938, and they were lucky enough to have a very rich and powerful relative in the US who could get them through all the immigration hoops.</p>
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		<title>By: Daisy Bond</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-256251</link>
		<dc:creator>Daisy Bond</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2009 22:10:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-256251</guid>
		<description>What a great post! I think about this all the time, but I&#039;ve never been able to put it into words like this. My grandparents fled Europe as children in a desperate, (and successful) &quot;red line&quot; attempt to escape the Nazis -- it permanently traumatized them (in addition to what they saw and experienced on the way, of course). When they came from Israel to the US when my mom was a child, it was a &quot;yellow line&quot; move: they certainly had some choice, but I don&#039;t think they exactly wanted to and they did if for job reasons. My mom&#039;s immigration trauma is much less than her parents&#039;, but still real.  And I&#039;m carrying around the confusion and alienation that happens in families when each generation is born in a different place, with a different mothertongue. I&#039;m very much hoping the same disconnect won&#039;t happen between me and my future kids.

I&#039;m not sure how to put myself on the map, because there are so many places and journeys, and I could go back hundreds of years. But I&#039;ll try.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What a great post! I think about this all the time, but I&#8217;ve never been able to put it into words like this. My grandparents fled Europe as children in a desperate, (and successful) &#8220;red line&#8221; attempt to escape the Nazis &#8212; it permanently traumatized them (in addition to what they saw and experienced on the way, of course). When they came from Israel to the US when my mom was a child, it was a &#8220;yellow line&#8221; move: they certainly had some choice, but I don&#8217;t think they exactly wanted to and they did if for job reasons. My mom&#8217;s immigration trauma is much less than her parents&#8217;, but still real.  And I&#8217;m carrying around the confusion and alienation that happens in families when each generation is born in a different place, with a different mothertongue. I&#8217;m very much hoping the same disconnect won&#8217;t happen between me and my future kids.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m not sure how to put myself on the map, because there are so many places and journeys, and I could go back hundreds of years. But I&#8217;ll try.</p>
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		<title>By: rozele</title>
		<link>http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2009/07/23/migratory-consen/#comment-256202</link>
		<dc:creator>rozele</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2009 18:30:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.feministe.us/blog/?p=14820#comment-256202</guid>
		<description>another whole aspect of the eastern european jewish migration that gets little attention is the &#039;push&#039; factors within jewish communities, in the shtetl in particular.  these were communities under very very rigid control for several hundred years by a combined economic and religious elite - the wealthy, who picked the rabbis, whose religious authority was the basis of enforcing a deeply oppressive social system.  this elite - what in yiddish is called the &quot;laytn&quot; - was often actively aligned with the (also oppressive) state surrounding them, and at best acted as a relatively benevolent subcontractor for it in everything from tax-collection to kidnapping young men into the army.

sure, the pogroms were a factor in emigration, in the years immediately following 1881 and 1903 in particular.  and certainly WWI was an even bigger one.  but the main force behind the massive migration to the cities (especially those with a reputation for freedom of thought and culture, like varshe/warsaw, tshernovits/czernowitz/chernivtsi and odes/odessa) and later our of eastern europe entirely, was escape from the rule of the laytn and rabbis.  this is what&#039;s behind the large number of yiddish songs praising romania (&quot;rumenye, rumenye&quot; being only the most famous) - austro-hungarian romania (and romanian-speaking czarist bessarabia, now moldova) had less powerful rabbinates, and were seen as a center of freedom in eastern european jewish culture.

less noted in song, though, is the coercion involved in migration off the shtetl: often, folks who dissented were driven out, or given no alternative but to leave.  in my family, for instance, the only way to get out of an arranged marriage that went wrong was to leave the country.  which is how my great-grandmother wound up in new york.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>another whole aspect of the eastern european jewish migration that gets little attention is the &#8216;push&#8217; factors within jewish communities, in the shtetl in particular.  these were communities under very very rigid control for several hundred years by a combined economic and religious elite &#8211; the wealthy, who picked the rabbis, whose religious authority was the basis of enforcing a deeply oppressive social system.  this elite &#8211; what in yiddish is called the &#8220;laytn&#8221; &#8211; was often actively aligned with the (also oppressive) state surrounding them, and at best acted as a relatively benevolent subcontractor for it in everything from tax-collection to kidnapping young men into the army.</p>
<p>sure, the pogroms were a factor in emigration, in the years immediately following 1881 and 1903 in particular.  and certainly WWI was an even bigger one.  but the main force behind the massive migration to the cities (especially those with a reputation for freedom of thought and culture, like varshe/warsaw, tshernovits/czernowitz/chernivtsi and odes/odessa) and later our of eastern europe entirely, was escape from the rule of the laytn and rabbis.  this is what&#8217;s behind the large number of yiddish songs praising romania (&#8220;rumenye, rumenye&#8221; being only the most famous) &#8211; austro-hungarian romania (and romanian-speaking czarist bessarabia, now moldova) had less powerful rabbinates, and were seen as a center of freedom in eastern european jewish culture.</p>
<p>less noted in song, though, is the coercion involved in migration off the shtetl: often, folks who dissented were driven out, or given no alternative but to leave.  in my family, for instance, the only way to get out of an arranged marriage that went wrong was to leave the country.  which is how my great-grandmother wound up in new york.</p>
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